Zeolite molecular sieves zikola kinene nnyo mu kulongoosa ggaasi ow’obutonde nga zikola emirimu emikulu egy’okulongoosa (nga okuggwaamu amazzi, okuggyamu ekibiriiti, n’okuggyamu kaboni n’ebirala) nga ziyita mu kusengejja okulonda, n’olwekyo zilongoosa omutindo gwa ggaasi ow’obutonde n’okukakasa entambula ey’obukuumi.
Okuggwaamu amazzi mu ggaasi ow’obutonde
Omukka ogw’obutonde gukolebwa n’omukka gw’amazzi, era gutuuka n’okutwala amazzi ag’amazzi agawerako. Okubeerawo kw’amazzi mu ggaasi ow’obutonde kintu kibi nnyo, ekifuula okuggwaamu amazzi mu ggaasi ow’obutonde okuba ekyetaagisa. Okugeza nga:
Amazzi ne methane bikola ice-nga solid hydrates wansi w’ebbugumu eri wansi ne puleesa eya waggulu (nga mu ntambula ya payipu oba enkola z’okufuula amazzi), ekiyinza okuziba vvaalu, payipu, n’ebyuma, ekivaako okutaataaganyizibwa kw’entambula.
Amazzi gakwatagana ne haidrojeni salufaayidi oba kaboni dayokisayidi mu ggaasi ow’obutonde ne gakola ebintu ebirimu asidi (asidi wa salufa, asidi wa kaboni), ekyanguya okukulukuta kwa payipu z’ebyuma n’ebyuma ne kikendeeza ku bulamu bwazo obw’okuweereza.
Gaasi ow’obutonde bw’aba yeetaaga okunyogoza mu buziba, nga ggaasi ow’obutonde (LNG) bwe yeetaaga okunyogozebwa okutuuka ku diguli -162 , obunnyogovu obusigaddewo bujja kufuuka bbugumu era okwonoona ebyuma ebikulu nga ebiwanyisiganya ebbugumu eby’ekika kya cryogenic.
Ebisengejja molekyu, nga birina obunene bw’obutuli obufaanagana, bisinga kukwata molekyu z’amazzi. Obusobozi bw’okusikiriza amazzi buli waggulu nga 22% ku buzito bwazo, ekiyinza okukendeeza ku musulo gwa ggaasi ow’obutonde okutuuka wansi wa -70℃ne kituuka ku kuggwaamu amazzi mu buziba.
Okuwoomesa Gaasi ow’Obutonde
Okuwoomesa ggaasi ow’obutonde y’enkola y’okuggyamu ekibiriiti n’okuggyamu kaboni. Haidrojeni salufaayidi ne kaboni dayokisayidi mu ggaasi ow’obutonde bisobola okukola asidi (n’amazzi), ne bireeta okukulukuta mu payipu n’ebyuma. Hydrogen sulfide era ggaasi wa butwa akosa obulamu n’obukuumi.
Molecular sieve egendereddwamu okuggya hydrogen sulfide ne carbon dioxide okutuuka ku ddaala lya PPM oba wadde PPB. Kino kiyamba okukendeeza ku kukulukuta, okwongera ku muwendo gwa kalori, n’okutuukiriza omutindo gw’ebyobusuubuzi ogwa ggaasi ow’obutonde mu mutindo n’entambula.
Ng’oggyeeko ekibiriiti ekitali kiramu, ebisengejja molekyu bisobola n’okunyiga salufa ow’obutonde nga methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, propyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, ne thiophene, byonna olw’obuwanvu bwabyo obw’enjawulo obw’okungulu n’obunene bw’obutuli.
Zeolite Molecular Sieves Okulongoosa Gaasi ow’Obutonde
Ekika kya 3A zeolite molecular sieve: Enkula yaayo ey’obutuli buba 3Å, era esinga kukozesebwa okunyiga molekyo z’amazzi ezirina obuwanvu nga 2.8Å. Kisobola bulungi okuggya obunnyogovu mu ggaasi ow’obutonde ate nga kyewala okusikiriza kwa hydrocarbons, ekigifuula esaanira okuggwaamu amazzi mu ggaasi ow’obutonde.
Ekika kya 4A zeolite molecular sieve: Enkula yaayo ey’obutuli buba 4Å, era esobola okulonda okunyiga molekyo z’amazzi (diameter 2.8Å). Ekuuma obusobozi bw’okusikiriza obw’amaanyi ku bbugumu erya waggulu era esaanira okukala mu buziba bwa ggaasi ow’obutonde. Naye, kisaana okukimanya nti eyinza okunyiga ebirungo ebimu ebiyitibwa hydrocarbons ebitangaavu.
Ekika kya 5A zeolite molecular sieve: Enkula yaayo ey’obutuli buba 5Å, era esobola okukozesebwa mu kukola ggaasi ow’obutonde okusikiriza amazzi, haidrokaboni ennyangu, kaboni dayokisayidi, haidrojeni salufaayidi, mercury, n’ebirala Okugeza, okuggya obutonotono bwa haidrojeni salfayidi okuva mu kutabula kwa methane ne kaboni dayokisayidi.
Ekika kya 13X zeolite molecular sieve: Enkula yaayo ey’obutuli buli 10Å, era erina obusobozi obw’amaanyi obw’okunyiga kaboni dayokisayidi, esobola bulungi okunyiga ebirungo bya salufa nga haidrojeni salufaayidi ne merkaptan, okuggya obucaafu nga haidrokaboni enzito ne haidrokaboni eziwunya mu bimera bya LNG.
